{"id":918,"date":"2022-07-21T14:13:30","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T14:13:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/box2343.temp.domains\/~planitpo\/wordpress.com\/?p=918"},"modified":"2022-08-06T14:56:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-06T14:56:50","slug":"les-vehicules-a-hydrogene-expliques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/planitpower.com\/fr\/les-vehicules-a-hydrogene-expliques\/","title":{"rendered":"Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne expliqu\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne continuent d\u2019\u00eatre fabriqu\u00e9s par les concessionnaires automobiles et fr\u00e9quent\u00e9s par les consommateurs \u00e9cologistes dans le cadre des efforts visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux combustibles fossiles.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne peut \u00eatre produit \u00e0 partir de combustibles fossiles pour constituer une source d'\u00e9nergie presque exempte d'\u00e9missions de carbone. L'hydrog\u00e8ne peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre produit \u00e0 partir d'autres sources renouvelables comme la biomasse, par \u00e9lectrolyse de l'eau ou par le gaz naturel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9s v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible (FCEV), sont plus efficaces que les moteurs \u00e0 combustion interne traditionnels. Ils ont \u00e9galement l\u2019avantage de n\u2019avoir que de l\u2019eau pour leurs \u00e9missions. On dit qu\u2019un kilogramme d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne gazeux g\u00e9n\u00e8re environ la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9nergie qu\u2019un gallon d\u2019essence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment \u00e7a marche ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne gazeux est utilis\u00e9 comme source d'\u00e9nergie pour alimenter le moteur de la voiture et produire de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Ensuite, un moteur \u00e9lectrique propulse le v\u00e9hicule. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne gazeux est stock\u00e9 dans la voiture dans un r\u00e9servoir d'hydrog\u00e8ne. L'hydrog\u00e8ne est ensuite m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 l'oxyg\u00e8ne dans une pile \u00e0 combustible. La pile \u00e0 combustible g\u00e9n\u00e8re par cons\u00e9quent de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour alimenter un moteur situ\u00e9 pr\u00e8s des roues du v\u00e9hicule. Par cons\u00e9quent, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont un type de v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique<\/a>, mais en revanche, ils n'ont pas besoin d'\u00eatre aliment\u00e9s en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 par une batterie. Cependant, le processus de production d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 au sein de la pile \u00e0 combustible subit une perte d'efficacit\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 une voiture \u00e9lectrique dans laquelle l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 provient directement d'un pack de batteries charg\u00e9 sur le secteur.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e9tant un carburant propre, les moteurs de voitures \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne ne produisent pas de sous-produits nocifs comme le dioxyde de carbone (CO2), principale cause du r\u00e9chauffement climatique.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le type de pile \u00e0 combustible le plus courant pour les v\u00e9hicules est la membrane \u00e9lectrolytique polym\u00e8re (PEM). Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible peuvent \u00eatre aliment\u00e9s soit par de l'hydrog\u00e8ne gazeux pur stock\u00e9 directement sur le v\u00e9hicule, soit par un carburant secondaire qui transmet de l'hydrog\u00e8ne comme le m\u00e9thanol, l'\u00e9thanol ou le gaz naturel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Approvisionnement en hydrog\u00e8ne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour qu\u2019un syst\u00e8me de transport \u00e0 l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne fonctionne, il est important de d\u00e9velopper deux choses : une autoroute de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne efficace et \u00e9tendue et un v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne fiable.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autoroutes de l'hydrog\u00e8ne sont une s\u00e9rie de stations de ravitaillement en hydrog\u00e8ne sur un itin\u00e9raire bien connu. Il est essentiel de d\u00e9velopper des autoroutes de l'hydrog\u00e8ne pour promouvoir l'utilisation de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que l'hydrog\u00e8ne poss\u00e8de une faible quantit\u00e9 d'\u00e9nergie par volume. Ainsi, pour comparer un carburant \u00e0 l'hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 un carburant normal, il faut un grand r\u00e9servoir pour faire le plein rapidement et souvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avantages et inconv\u00e9nients des voitures \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Avantages :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Renouvelable et facilement disponible :<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne est l'\u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus abondant dans l'Univers et, malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis associ\u00e9s \u00e0 son extraction de l'eau, il constitue une source d'\u00e9nergie particuli\u00e8rement abondante et renouvelable, parfaite pour nos futurs besoins z\u00e9ro carbone en mati\u00e8re d'approvisionnement combin\u00e9 en chaleur et en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Plus puissant et \u00e9conome en \u00e9nergie :<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La technologie des piles \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne fournit une source d'\u00e9nergie \u00e0 haute densit\u00e9. Elle pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement une efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des combustibles fossiles. L'hydrog\u00e8ne poss\u00e8de la teneur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de tous les combustibles courants en termes de poids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 R\u00e9duit l\u2019empreinte carbone :<\/strong> L'hydrog\u00e8ne est une source d'\u00e9nergie propre et flexible qui permet de soutenir les strat\u00e9gies \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques z\u00e9ro carbone. En fait, les piles \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne ne rejettent pas de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Cela signifie qu'elles n'ont pas d'empreinte carbone pendant leur utilisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Aucune pollution acoustique : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible ressemblent beaucoup aux voitures \u00e9lectriques. Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont beaucoup plus silencieux que ceux qui utilisent des moteurs \u00e0 combustion interne conventionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Temps de charge :<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faire le plein d'une voiture \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne est tr\u00e8s similaire \u00e0 faire le plein d'essence ou de diesel, et c'est aussi rapide qu'il faut environ 5 minutes pour faire le plein. C'est sans aucun doute un avantage par rapport aux longs temps d'attente pour recharger une voiture \u00e9lectrique.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Long cycle de vie :<\/strong> Les piles \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne offrent une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 en termes de temps d\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inconv\u00e9nients :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Infrastructures hydrog\u00e8ne :<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019une des principales raisons de la lenteur de l\u2019adoption des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne est l\u2019infrastructure existante. Par exemple, selon UK H2 Mobility, il existe actuellement 11 stations d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne ouvertes au Royaume-Uni. C\u2019est \u00e9videmment bien moins que le nombre de stations-service et de bornes de recharge publiques pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, mais il est pr\u00e9vu d\u2019ouvrir davantage de stations-service \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne. Pour l\u2019instant, cependant, l\u2019absence de station-service \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 est clairement peu pratique pour de nombreuses personnes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Stockage et approvisionnement en hydrog\u00e8ne : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le stockage et le transport de l'hydrog\u00e8ne sont plus complexes que ceux des combustibles fossiles. Cela implique des co\u00fbts suppl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 prendre en compte pour les piles \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne comme source d'\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Hautement inflammable : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne est une source de carburant hautement inflammable, ce qui n\u00e9cessite une attention particuli\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Co\u00fbt:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le co\u00fbt d'une unit\u00e9 d'\u00e9nergie produite \u00e0 partir de piles \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui des autres sources d'\u00e9nergie, y compris des panneaux solaires. Cette situation devrait changer dans un avenir proche \u00e0 mesure que la technologie progresse, mais ce co\u00fbt constitue actuellement un obstacle suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 une utilisation plus \u00e9tendue de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, m\u00eame s'il est plus efficace une fois produit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les voitures \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont-elles d\u00e9j\u00e0 disponibles sur le march\u00e9 ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Oui, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont pass\u00e9s par le stade du prototype et des tests, et sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 produits par certains des principaux constructeurs automobiles, mais encore en nombre limit\u00e9. Ils ne sont pas encore aussi populaires que les voitures \u00e9lectriques pures \u00ab EV \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hyundai et Toyota ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente pour cr\u00e9er leurs mod\u00e8les : en 2021, deux voitures \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont disponibles au public sur certains march\u00e9s : la\u00a0Toyota Mirai<\/a>\u00a0et le\u00a0Hyundai Nexo<\/a>. La Honda est comme la Toyota \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, et on s'attend \u00e0 ce que les nouveaux constructeurs entrant sur le march\u00e9 des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible suivent cette approche. Dans ce cadre, The\u00a0Honda Clarity<\/a>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 produit de 2016 \u00e0 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BMW, Audi et Mercedes-Benz ne sont que quelques-unes des entreprises qui d\u00e9veloppent des mod\u00e8les \u00e0 pile \u00e0 combustible \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne. Le march\u00e9 va donc s'\u00e9tendre progressivement au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es. D'ici l\u00e0, Toyota, Hyundai et Honda resteront les principaux leaders du march\u00e9 pour cette technologie, m\u00eame si de petites start-ups comme Riversimple, avec son mod\u00e8le ultra-efficace Rasa, semblent pr\u00eates \u00e0 rivaliser dans une certaine mesure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les voitures \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne ne sont pas cens\u00e9es remplacer les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques. L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est plut\u00f4t destin\u00e9 \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique pure. Pourquoi ? C\u2019est le carburant le plus propre qui soit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne pourrait toutefois devenir la meilleure solution pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 nos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Mais cela demandera du temps, car il faudra adopter et mettre en \u0153uvre une volont\u00e9 politique et des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019investissement. Cependant, \u00e0 mesure que les combustibles fossiles s\u2019\u00e9puisent, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne pourrait \u00eatre une solution cl\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 nos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques mondiaux.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hydrogen vehicles continue to be manufactured by auto dealers and patronized by green consumers as efforts to be lesser dependant on fossil fuels.\u00a0 Hydrogen may be generated from fossil fuels to make an energy supply that is almost free from carbon emissions.  Hydrogen may also be generated from other renewable sources like biomass or through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12,11,1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-918","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-clean-tech","8":"category-energy-efficiency","9":"category-ren-nrj"},"yoast_head":"\nHydrogen vehicles Explained - 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