{"id":979,"date":"2022-07-31T21:30:15","date_gmt":"2022-07-31T21:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/planitpower.com\/?p=979"},"modified":"2024-09-29T00:28:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-29T00:28:15","slug":"guide-des-vehicules-electriques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/planitpower.com\/fr\/guide-des-vehicules-electriques\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Voiture SUV compacte bleue au design sportif, moderne et luxueux, gar\u00e9e sur une route en b\u00e9ton au bord de la mer au coucher du soleil. Vue de face d'une belle voiture \u00e9lectrique. Conduisez en toute confiance. Voyagez en vacances \u00e0 la plage.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Si vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 conduit une voiture \u00e0 essence ou diesel, les voitures \u00e9lectriques peuvent vous sembler \u00eatre un monde \u00e0 part. De nombreux conducteurs se retrouvent accroch\u00e9s \u00e0 la familiarit\u00e9 d'un moteur \u00e0 essence, alors qu'en fait, les moteurs \u00e9lectriques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins chers \u00e0 entretenir, \u00e0 conduire et \u00e0 assurer. Si vous venez de passer \u00e0 l'\u00e9lectrique, vous vous demandez peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 quoi vous avez exactement affaire. Heureusement, nous sommes l\u00e0 avec notre guide essentiel sur les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques pour d\u00e9butants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu'est-ce qu'un v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 v\u00e9hicule alternatif, est un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9signant tout v\u00e9hicule propuls\u00e9 par un moteur \u00e9lectrique, par opposition aux v\u00e9hicules conventionnels fonctionnant \u00e0 l'essence ou au diesel. Un v\u00e9hicule qui utilise \u00e0 la fois l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et l'essence\/diesel est appel\u00e9 hybride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le fait qu'il n'y ait pas de combustibles fossiles impliqu\u00e9s rend les voitures \u00e9lectriques plus respectueux de l'environnement<\/a>, car ils ne produisent que peu ou pas d'\u00e9missions de carbone. Ils ne produisent pas de fum\u00e9e, sont moins chers \u00e0 utiliser et peuvent m\u00eame permettre aux automobilistes de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d'incitations fiscales et d'autres avantages de la part de leur gouvernement national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le guide de base des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques sont propuls\u00e9s par un moteur \u00e9lectrique, lui-m\u00eame aliment\u00e9 par une batterie de traction (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9e pile). Chaque essieu est contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par un moteur, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques sont donc g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 traction avant ou arri\u00e8re. Certains constructeurs ajoutent cependant un moteur suppl\u00e9mentaire, ce qui transforme le v\u00e9hicule en v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 quatre roues motrices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le conducteur appuie sur le pied, il peut ajuster sa vitesse \u00e0 l'aide d'un contr\u00f4leur. Le contr\u00f4leur g\u00e8re la vitesse en r\u00e9gulant la quantit\u00e9 de puissance envoy\u00e9e au moteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les batteries peuvent \u00eatre charg\u00e9es soit sur une borne de recharge s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e, soit sur une borne de recharge \u00e0 domicile. Certains v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre charg\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e lorsque le v\u00e9hicule est en mouvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e8mes de maintenance courants<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques contiennent moins de pi\u00e8ces que les voitures \u00e0 moteur \u00e0 combustion interne. Cela signifie qu'ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus faciles \u00e0 r\u00e9parer et n\u00e9cessitent moins d'entretien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, comme pour toute voiture, il existe quelques probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9caniques auxquels vous devrez peut-\u00eatre pr\u00eater attention. Voyons-les dans notre guide des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une voiture \u00e9lectrique d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e8re gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me appel\u00e9 freinage r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratif. Cela signifie que l'\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique est transform\u00e9e par le moteur en \u00e9nergie stock\u00e9e pour une utilisation ult\u00e9rieure. Cela signifie que la voiture n'a pas autant besoin des freins pour ralentir. Ainsi, les plaquettes de frein d'une voiture \u00e9lectrique s'usent beaucoup moins que celles d'une voiture \u00e0 essence ou diesel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, vous devez toujours vidanger r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le liquide de frein\u00a0; les voitures \u00e9lectriques utilisent le m\u00eame liquide hydraulique gyroscopique que celui des moteurs \u00e0 combustion. Par cons\u00e9quent, \u00e0 moins de vidanger r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vos freins, votre syst\u00e8me risque toujours de se corroder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous devrez \u00e9galement remplacer vos plaquettes et disques de frein, tout comme avec un moteur \u00e0 combustion classique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Batterie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La batterie d'une voiture \u00e9lectrique est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel. Comme presque tous les composants d'un v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique d\u00e9pendent de la batterie pour fonctionner, celle-ci doit \u00eatre en parfait \u00e9tat. Cela signifie que vous ne devez pas laisser votre batterie se d\u00e9charger compl\u00e8tement et que vous devez maintenir la charge de votre voiture au-dessus d'au moins 20%. Vous devez effectuer un entretien r\u00e9gulier de la batterie de votre v\u00e9hicule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si vous rencontrez des probl\u00e8mes pour d\u00e9marrer votre voiture, il y a deux batteries que vous devez v\u00e9rifier : la batterie de douze volts qui alimente le tableau de bord et les composants \u00e9lectriques, et la batterie lithium-ion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La batterie de 12 volts peut \u00eatre d\u00e9marr\u00e9e \u00e0 partir d'une voiture \u00e0 essence ou diesel, mais ce n'est pas le cas de la batterie lithium-ion. Vous ne pouvez pas non plus d\u00e9marrer la voiture \u00e0 batterie de 12 volts \u00e0 l'aide d'un autre v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si votre batterie lithium-ion tombe en panne, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d'investir dans un nouveau v\u00e9hicule. Les batteries des voitures \u00e9lectriques valent des dizaines de milliers de livres, sans compter les co\u00fbts de main-d'\u0153uvre. Il est donc plus rentable de remplacer la voiture enti\u00e8re plut\u00f4t que la batterie uniquement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pneus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tout comme un v\u00e9hicule standard, les pneus de votre voiture s'usent au fil du temps. De nombreuses voitures \u00e9lectriques sont sujettes \u00e0 l'\u00e9rosion de la bande de roulement des pneus en raison du poids important du v\u00e9hicule. Vous devez faire remplacer vos pneus au moins tous les 6 \u00e0 12 mois pour que votre voiture reste en parfait \u00e9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout comme pour une voiture \u00e0 essence ou diesel, vous devez v\u00e9rifier la pression de vos pneus et les gonfler si n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niveaux de liquide<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les voitures \u00e9lectriques n'utilisent pas de liquide de radiateur ni de liquide de transmission automatique. Les seuls niveaux de liquide dont vous devez vous soucier sont donc ceux du liquide de refroidissement, du liquide de frein et du liquide d'essuie-glace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Remplacez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement votre liquide de refroidissement, et vous n'aurez plus qu'\u00e0 faire l'appoint de liquide de frein et de liquide lave-glace lorsque cela est n\u00e9cessaire. La fr\u00e9quence de changement du liquide de refroidissement peut varier d'un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 l'autre, consultez donc votre manuel du conducteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le liquide de refroidissement doit \u00eatre remplac\u00e9 par un technicien qualifi\u00e9, car les syst\u00e8mes de refroidissement des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement scell\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entretien<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques doivent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00eatre entretenus aussi r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement que les voitures conventionnelles. Cependant, il y a g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins de choses \u00e0 faire, ce qui signifie que vous \u00e9conomiserez toujours de l'argent lors de l'entretien de votre voiture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il peut toutefois \u00eatre plus difficile de trouver un m\u00e9canicien sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques. Recherchez donc les grandes cha\u00eenes, car elles sont plus susceptibles d\u2019avoir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans l\u2019entretien des voitures \u00e9lectriques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If you were introduced to driving in a petrol or diesel car, electric cars may seem like they’re a whole world apart. Many drivers find themselves clinging to the familiarity of a fuel-powered engine, when in fact, electric engines are usually cheaper to maintain, drive, and insure. If you’ve just leaped electric, you might be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-979","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-clean-tech"},"yoast_head":"\nElectric vehicles guide - Planitpower<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover in this guide of electric vehicles their specificities, and what you need essentially to know before considering purchasing one.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/planitpower.com\/fr\/guide-des-vehicules-electriques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Electric vehicles guide - Planitpower\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover in this guide of electric vehicles their specificities, and what you need essentially to know before considering purchasing one.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/planitpower.com\/fr\/guide-des-vehicules-electriques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Planitpower\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-31T21:30:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-29T00:28:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/planitpower.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/640-blue-compact-suv-car-with-sport-modern-and-luxury-design-parked-on-concrete-road-by-the-sea-at-sunset-front-view-of-beautiful-electric-car-driving-with-confidence-travel-on-vacation-at-the-beach.jpg?fit=640%2C353&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"353\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editorial Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editorial Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editorial Team\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b531587eda267b930b04174d12de6efa\"},\"headline\":\"Electric vehicles guide\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-31T21:30:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-29T00:28:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":910,\"commentCount\":3,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b531587eda267b930b04174d12de6efa\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/planitpower.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/07\\\/640-blue-compact-suv-car-with-sport-modern-and-luxury-design-parked-on-concrete-road-by-the-sea-at-sunset-front-view-of-beautiful-electric-car-driving-with-confidence-travel-on-vacation-at-the-beach.jpg?fit=640%2C353&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Clean-Technologies\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/planitpower.com\\\/guide-to-electric-vehicles\\\/\",\"name\":\"Electric vehicles guide - 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